CONTRIBUTORS

The work of VAST was made possible by grants to the Science & Technology Action Committee (STAC), which is housed at the non-profit, non-partisan Research!America.

Thank you to the following foundations for their generous financial support:

This document is the product of contributions from more than 70 VAST Task Force members who participated in dozens of discussions about opportunities and challenges facing American science and technology and what is most needed to strengthen the American science and technology enterprise from September 2024 through February 2025. All Task Force members were invited to participate in the review and revision of this document as it took shape, and to formally sign onto it upon its completion.

Our Task Force Members* include the following individuals:

Sudip Parikh, PhD, Chair

CEO, American Association for the Advancement of Science and Executive Publisher, Science Journals

Chief Public Affairs Officer and Chief of Staff, American Association for the Advancement of Science

Andrew Black, JD, Executive Director

Noubar Afeyan, PhD

Founder and CEO, Flagship Pioneering

John Anderson, PhD

President, National Academy of Engineering

President, Northeastern University

Joseph Aoun, PhD

Valerie Sheares Ashby, PhD

President, University of Maryland, Baltimore County

Gilda Barabino, PhD

President, Olin College of Engineering

Muyinatu Bell, PhD

Associate Professor, The Johns Hopkins University

Georges C. Benjamin, MD

Executive Director, American Public Health Association

Barbara A. Bichelmeyer, PhD

Provost and Executive Vice Chancellor, University of Kansas

Robert Conn, PhD

Distinguished Professor and Dean of Engineering, Emeritus, University of California, San Diego

President, Science Philanthropy Alliance; Former Director, National Science Foundation (2014-20)

France Córdova, PhD

President, Arizona State University

Michael Crow, PhD

John Crowley, JD, MBA

President & CEO, Biotechnology Innovation Organization

President, The Johns Hopkins University

Ron Daniels, JD

Hon. Tom Daschle

CEO, The Daschle Group; U.S. Senator (D-SD, 1987-2005; Senate Democratic Leader, 1995-2005); U.S. Representative (D-SD, 1979-87)

President, American Museum of Natural History

Sean Decatur, PhD

Professor, University of California, Berkeley; Founder, Innovative Genomics Institute; Nobel Laureate in Chemistry (2020)

Jennifer Doudna, PhD

Kelvin Droegemeier, PhD

Professor and Special Advisor to the Chancellor for Science Policy, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; Former Science Advisor to the President and Director, White House Office of Science and Technology Policy (2019-21)

Director, Office of National Laboratories and Associate Professor, University of Michigan

Monica Dus, PhD

Victor Dzau, MD

President, National Academy of Medicine

Kafui Dzirasa, MD, PhD

Professor, Duke University Medical Center

President, Ivy Tech Community College; Lieutenant Governor of Indiana (2013-16)

Hon. Sue Ellspermann, PhD

Robert Fofrich, PhD

Arthur Evans, PhD

CEO, American Psychological Association

Postdoctoral Fellow, University of California, Los Angeles; Council Member, National Postdoctoral Association

Cynthia Friend, PhD

President & CEO, The Kavli Foundation; Professor Emerita, Harvard University

Clark Leadership Chair in Science, University of Maryland, College Park

S. James Gates, Jr., PhD

Senior Vice President and Director, IBM Research; Chair, National Science Board. Contributions to this document were made prior to Dr. Gil’s nomination to serve as undersecretary for science and innovation at the Department of Energy.

Darío Gil, PhD

Partner, K&L Gates; U.S. Representative (D-TN, 1985-2011); Chair, House Committee on Science, Space, and Technology (2007-10)

Hon. Bart Gordon, JD

Kathleen Hall Jamieson, PhD

Professor and Director, Annenberg Public Policy Center, University of Pennsylvania

Margaret Hamburg, MD

President, InterAcademy Partnership; Former Commissioner, Food and Drug Administration (2009-15)

Hon. Roger Hanshaw, PhD, JD

Speaker, West Virginia House of Delegates (R); Partner, Bowles Rice LLP

Kristina Johnson, PhD

CEO, Johnson Energy Holdings; President Emerita, The Ohio State University

Vice President and Head, Global Public Policy, Merck & Co.

Jenelle Krishnamoorthy, PhD

Samarth Kulkarni, PhD

CEO, CRISPR Therapeutics

Neal Lane, PhD

Senior Fellow, Science and Technology, Baker Institute for Public Policy, and Professor Emeritus, Rice University; Former Director, National Science Foundation (1993-98) and White House Office of Science and Technology Policy (1998-2001)

Alan Leshner, PhD

CEO Emeritus, American Association for the Advancement of Science

Professor, Cornell University

Bruce Lewenstein, PhD

Gen. Lester Lyles

U.S. Air Force (Ret.)

Theresa Maldonado, PhD, PE

Vice President for Research & Innovation, University of California Office of the President

Mary Maxon, PhD

Executive Vice President, Carnegie Institution for Science

Vice President for Research & Economic Development, Morgan State University; Member, National Science Board, Former Under Secretary of Commerce for Standards & Technology and Director, National Institute of Standards and Technology (2015-17)

Willie E. May, PhD

Postdoctoral Fellow, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory; Council Member, National Postdoctoral Association

Alison McCarthy, PhD

President, National Academy of Sciences; Former Director, U.S. Geological Survey (2010-13)

Marcia McNutt, PhD

Associate Director, Simons Laufer Mathematical Sciences Institute; Professor, University of California, Merced

Juan Meza, PhD

Marie Lynn Miranda, PhD

Chancellor, University of Illinois Chicago

Michael Moloney, PhD

CEO, American Institute of Physics

Wendy Naus

Executive Director, Consortium of Social Science Associations

Christopher Nomura, PhD

Vice President for Research & Economic Development, University of Idaho

Bill Novelli

Professor Emeritus, Georgetown University McDonough School of Business

Santa Ono, PhD

President, University of Michigan

Stephen Pruitt, PhD

President, Southern Regional Education Board

Head of Science, Chan Zuckerberg Initiative and President, Chan Zuckerberg Biohub Network; Professor, Stanford University

Stephen Quake, PhD

Chief Operating Officer, Simons Foundation

Euan Robertson

Katalina Salas, PhD

Postdoctoral Fellow and Assistant Research Professor, University of Texas at El Paso

Hon. Donna Shalala, PhD

President Emerita, University of Miami; U.S. Representative (D-FL, 2019-21); Secretary of Health and Human Services (1993-2001)

Principal Researcher, Nike

Alison Sheets-Singer, PhD

Erika Shugart, PhD

CEO, National Science Teaching Association

David Siegel, PhD

Chair, Siegel Family Endowment; Co-Founder, Two Sigma

President & CEO, Association of American Medical Colleges

David Skorton, MD

Barbara Snyder, JD

President, Association of American Universities

President, Simons Foundation; Professor Emeritus, Princeton University

David Spergel, PhD

Bonnielin Swenor, PhD, MPH

Professor and Director, Disability Health Research Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing

Antonia Villarruel, PhD, RN

Dean, University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing

Lisa Wagar, PhD

Assistant Professor, University of California, Irvine

President, The University of Texas at El Paso; Member, National Science Board; Secretary of the Air Force (2017-19); U.S. Representative (R-NM, 1998-2009)

Hon. Heather Wilson, PhD

W. Randolph Woodson, PhD

Chancellor, North Carolina State University

Catherine Woteki, PhD

Mary Woolley

President & CEO, Research!America

Professor, Iowa State University; Former Member, President’s Council on Advisors for Science & Technology (2021-24); Former Under Secretary of Agriculture for Research (2010-17)

Keith Yamamoto, PhD

Special Advisor to the Chancellor for Science Policy & Strategy; Vice Chancellor for Research, Emeritus; and Professor Emeritus, University of California, San Francisco 

President and Vice Chairman, OPKO Health; Former Director, National Institutes of Health (2002-08)

Elias Zerhouni, MD

New Jersey State Senator (D-16th District); Head, Strategic Partnerships & Public Engagement, Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory

Hon. Andrew Zwicker, PhD

*All individuals served on the VAST Task Force in a personal capacity. Institutional affiliations listed here are for informational purposes only, and the content of this report does not represent the views of any institutions listed here.

Throughout our process, we also sought input from leaders of many organizations and coalitions. Their listing here does not imply endorsement of the document.

Scientific Societies:

Alliance of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Science Societies (ACSESS)

American Anthropological Association

American Association for Anatomy

American Association for Dental, Oral, and Craniofacial Research

American Association for the Advancement of Science

American Association of Geographers

American Association of Immunologists

American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists

American Association of Physicists in Medicine

American Association of Physics Teachers

American Astronomical Society

American Chemical Society

American Educational Research Association

American Geophysical Union

American Geosciences Institute

American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering

American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics

American Institute of Biological Sciences

American Institute of Physics

American Mathematical Society

American Meteorological Society

American Ornithological Society

American Physical Society

American Psychiatric Association

American Psychological Association

American Public Health Association

American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

American Society for Cell Biology

American Society for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics

American Society for Gravitational and Space

Research (ASGSR)

American Society for Pharmacology and

Experimental Therapeutics

American Society of Plant Biologists

American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

American Sociological Association

American Statistical Association

American Thoracic Society

American Water Resource Association

ASM International

Association for Molecular Pathology

Association for Psychological Science

Association for Women in Science

Association of Science-Technology Centers (ASTC)

Biophysical Society

Botanical Society of America

Computing Research Association

Consortium of Social Science Associations

COPAFS

Council on Undergraduate Research

Ecological Society of America

Endocrine Society

Engineering Biology Research Consortium

Entomological Society of America

Federation of American Scientists

Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology

Federation of Associations in Behavioral and Brain Sciences

Infectious Diseases Society of America

INFORMS

International Society for Stem Cell Research (ISSCR)

International Society on Thrombosis and

Haemostasis

Marine Technology Society

Materials Research Society

Minorities in Agriculture, Natural Resources, and Related Sciences

National Institute of Building Sciences

National Postdoctoral Association

National Science Teaching Association

OPTICA

Population Association of America

Psychonomic Society

ScienceCounts, Inc.

Sigma Xi, The Scientific Research Honor Society

Society for Advancing Chicanos/Hispanics & Native Americans in Science (SACNAS)

Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (SIAM)

Society for Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology (SIMB)

Society for Neuroscience (SfN)

Society for Personality and Social Psychology

Society for Personality Assessment

Society for Research in Child Development

Society of Behavioral Medicine

Society of Vacuum Coaters

SPIE

Supporters of Agricultural Research (SoAR) Foundation

The Academy for Radiology & Biomedical Imaging Research

The American Institute of Architects

The American Physiological Society

The American Society for Cell Biology

The American Society for Microbiology

The American Society of Human Genetics

The Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology

The Electrochemical Society

The Endocrine Society

The Genetics Society of America

The Geological Society of America

The Gerontological Society of America

The Oceanography Society

The Population Association of America

The Society for the Psychological Study of Social Issues

The Wildlife Society

U.S. Pharmacopeia

Coalitions:

Ad Hoc Group for Medical Research

Census Project

Coalition for Aerospace and Science

Coalition for Life Sciences

Coalition for National Science Funding

Coalition for National Security Research

Energy Sciences Coalition

National Academies Committee on Science, Engineering, Medicine, and Public Policy

Research!America

STEM Education Coalition

Task Force on American Innovation

The Science Coalition

United for Medical Research

Additional Acknowledgements

The Task Force would also like to thank the many leaders from the more than 15 federal agencies and offices who provided perspective on the current state of science and engineering within the federal government. These conversations took place in October 2024.

Finally, we would like to thank the many individuals beyond the Task Force who assisted in reviewing drafts of this vision to ensure that the ideas presented within were clear and could be well-supported with examples and evidence. In particular, our thanks to Jayshree Seth, Daniel Goroff, Donna Ginther, Scott Stern, Benjamin Jones, and Matt Clancy.

Faegre Drinker Consulting assisted in gathering and synthesizing input from Task Force members and individuals external to the Task Force to prepare the content of this report, with a team led by Ilse Peterson and Dave Zook that also included Nicholas Manetto, Cassie Maximin, Lee Nagao, and Sanjyot Sangodkar.

Global Strategy Group assisted with the production, design, and creative elements of this report, with a team led by Jim Papa and Amanda Thayer that also included Maggie Luddy, Lauren Gould, Isabel Foster, and Megan Ellingwood.

Additional strategic consultation and support was provided by staff of the Science & Technology Action Committee and Research!America, including Sheila Murphy, Shilpa Rajan, Anne Mandeville, and Mike Coburn.